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LM operates a parcel delivery service. Last year its employees delivered 15,120 parcels and travelled 120,960 kilometers. Total costs were $194,400.
LM has estimated that 70% of its total costs are variable with activity and that 60% of these costs vary with the number of parcels and the remainder vary with the distance travelled.
LM is preparing its budget for the forthcoming year using an incremental budgeting approach and has produced the following estimates:
* All costs will be 3% higher than the previous year due to inflation
* Efficiency will remain unchanged
* A total of 18,360 parcels will be delivered and 128,800 kilometers will be travelled.
Calculate the following costs to be included in the forthcoming year's budget:
(i) the total variable costs related to the number of parcels delivered.
(ii) the total variable costs related to the distance travelled.

• A. Parcel related cost for next year = $112,118; Distance related costs for next year = $59,699
• B. Parcel related cost for next year = $115,306; Distance related costs for next year = $31,590
• C. Parcel related cost for next year = $105,306; Distance related costs for next year = $30,590
• D. Parcel related cost for next year = $112,308; Distance related costs for next year = $79,590
• E. Parcel related cost for next year = $109,118; Distance related costs for next year = $89,699

A medium-sized manufacturing company, which operates in the electronics industry, has employed a firm of consultants to carry out a review of the company's planning and control systems. The company presently uses a traditional incremental budgeting system and the inventory management system is based on economic order quantities (EOQ) and reorder levels. The company's normal production patterns have changed significantly over the previous few years as a result of increasing demand for customized products. This has resulted in shorter production runs and difficulties with production and resource planning. The consultants have recommended the implementation of activity based budgeting and a manufacturing resource planning system to improve planning and resource management.
What are the benefits for the company that could occur following the introduction of an activity based budgeting system?
Select ALL the correct answers.

• A. The approach under an Activity based Budgeting System is to make arbitrary cuts in order to meet overall financial targets.
• B. Under a traditional incremental budgeting system the focus is on existing resources and operations.
  Adjustments are then made for changes in activity and price which results in past inefficiencies being perpetuated. Under an activity based budgeting system, only resources that are needed to perform activities required to meet the budgeted production and sales volumes are included.
• C. Activity based techniques including activity based budgeting focus on the outputs of a process rather than the input to the process. This approach provides a clear framework for understanding the link between costs and the level of activity. It allows the ranking of activities and the determination of how limited resources should be allocated across competing activities.
• D. Activity Based Budgeting Systems present costs under functional headings i.e. the emphasis is on the nature of the cost. The weakness if this approach is that it gives little indication of the link between the level of activity and the cost incurred.
• E. Under an activity based budgeting system, resource allocation is linked to the strategic plan and is prepared after considering alternative strategies. This approach ensures that new activities that are required to meet the company's strategic objectives are included in the budget.

EF manufactures and sells three products, X, Y and Z. The following production overhead costs are budgeted for next year:

Required:
Calculate the total budgeted production overhead cost for each product using activity based budgeting.

• A. The total budgeted production overhead cost was $ 2 195 000
• B. The total budgeted production overhead cost was $ 1 285 000
• C. The total budgeted production overhead cost was $ 1 188 000
• D. The total budgeted production overhead cost was $ 1 258 000
• E. The total budgeted production overhead cost was $ 1 305 000

RT produces two products from different quantities of the same resources using a just-in-time (JIT) production system. The selling price and resource requirements of each of the products are shown below:

Market research shows that the maximum demand for products R and T during June 2010 is 500 units and 800 units respectively. This does not include an order that RT has agreed with a commercial customer for the supply of 250 units of R and 350 units of T at selling prices of $100 and $135 per unit respectively. Although the customer will accept part of the order, failure by RT to deliver the order in full by the end of June will cause RT to incur a $10,000 financial penalty. At a recent meeting of the purchasing and production managers to discuss the production plans of RT for June, the following resource restrictions for June were identified:
Direct labour hours 7,500 hours
Material A 8,500 kgs
Material B 3,000 litres
Machine hours 7,500 hours
Assuming that RT completes the order with the commercial customer, prepare calculations to show, from a financial perspective, the optimum production plan for June 2010 and the contribution that would result from adopting this plan.
The optimum production plan will be:

• A. Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 600 T = 710
• B. Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 500 T = 700
• C. Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 500 T = 710
• D. Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 660 T = 720
• E. Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 650 T = 710

A marketing manager is trying to decide which of four potential selling prices to charge for a new product. The state of the economy is uncertain and may show signs of recession, growth or boom. The manager has prepared a regret matrix showing the regret for each of the possible outcomes depending on the decision made.

If the manager applies the minimax regret criterion to make decisions, which selling price would be chosen?

• A. $50
• B. $45
• C. $55
• D. $40